newCachedThreadPool
创建一个可缓存的线程池
如果线程池的大小超过了处理任务所需要的线程,那么就会回收部分空闲(60秒不执行任务)的线程,当任务数增加时,此线程池又可以智能的添加新线程来处理任务。此线程池不会对线程池大小做限制,线程池大小完全依赖于操作系统(或者说JVM)能够创建的最大线程大小。
示例:
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| public static ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); executor.submit(new Runnable() { public void run () { } });
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newFixedThreadPool
创建固定大小的线程池
每次提交一个任务就创建一个线程,直到线程达到线程池的最大大小。线程池的大小一旦达到最大值就会保持不变,如果某个线程因为执行异常而结束,那么线程池会补充一个新线程。
示例:
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| package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class FixedThreadPoolDemo extends Thread { private int index;
public FixedThreadPoolDemo(int index) { this.index = index; }
public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { service.execute(new FixedThreadPoolDemo(i)); } System.out.println("finish"); service.shutdown(); }
public void run() { try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
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运行结果:
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| finish pool-1-thread-2 pool-1-thread-1 pool-1-thread-1 pool-1-thread-1 pool-1-thread-2
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newSingleThreadExecutor
创建一个单线程的线程池
这个线程池只有一个线程在工作,也就是相当于单线程串行执行所有任务。如果这个唯一的线程因为异常结束,那么会有一个新的线程来替代它。此线程池保证所有任务的执行顺序按照任务的提交顺序执行。
示例:
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| package test;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class SingleThreadPoolDemo extends Thread { private int index;
public SingleThreadPoolDemo(int index) { this.index = index; }
public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { service.execute(new SingleThreadPoolDemo(i)); } System.out.println("finish"); service.shutdown(); }
public void run() { try { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
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运行结果:
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| finish pool-1-thread-1 pool-1-thread-1 pool-1-thread-1 pool-1-thread-1 pool-1-thread-1
|
newScheduledThreadPool
创建一个周期任务线程池
此线程池支持定时以及周期性执行任务的需求
示例:
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| package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1); service.schedule(() -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()), 2, TimeUnit.SECONDS); }
}
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运行结果(该程序表示延迟2s执行):
scheduleAtFixedRate
周期线程中的定时任务
示例:
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| package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1); service.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()), 5, 2,TimeUnit.SECONDS); }
}
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运行结果(该程序表示程序启动5s后,每隔2s执行一次):
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| pool-1-thread-1 pool-1-thread-1 pool-1-thread-1 . . .
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scheduleWithFixedDelay
周期线程中的定时任务
示例:
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| package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1); service.scheduleWithFixedDelay(() -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()), 5, 2,TimeUnit.SECONDS); }
}
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运行结果
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| pool-1-thread-1 pool-1-thread-1 pool-1-thread-1 . . .
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说明:scheduleAtFixedRate和scheduleWithFixedDelay的区别在于前者是时间间隔过后,再检查任务是否结束,如果结束了,立即执行下个任务,后者是先等待任务结束,然后再等待时间间隔过后再执行。
newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor
定时任务
示例:
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| package test;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class SingleThreadScheduledPoolDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ScheduledExecutorService service = Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor(); service.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()), 5, 2,TimeUnit.SECONDS); }
}
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运行结果(该程序表示程序启动5s后,每隔2s执行一次):
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| pool-1-thread-1 pool-1-thread-1 pool-1-thread-1 . . .
|
ScheduledExecutorService执行的周期任务,如果执行过程中抛出了异常,那么任务就会停止,周期也会停止。